On Wednesday, the World Health Organization (WHO) released updated guidelines for the clinical management of diphtheria, replacing the existing operational protocol. The new guidance, developed through a rigorous process, focuses on the use of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT) in treating diphtheria. Notably, the global shortage of DAT prompted the need for evidence-based recommendations, as requested by numerous Member States.
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WHO
The guidelines also introduce recommendations on the use of antibiotics, suggesting the preference for macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, erythromycin) over penicillin antibiotics in patients with suspected or confirmed diphtheria.
The urgency in developing these guidelines stems from the increased occurrences of diphtheria outbreaks in 2023, particularly in Nigeria, Guinea, and neighboring countries. The sporadic nature of these outbreaks has left many clinicians in affected regions without prior experience in managing acute diphtheria and its complications.
Diphtheria, a severe bacterial infection affecting the nose and throat, can lead to complications affecting the heart, kidneys, and nervous system. Vaccination is crucial in preventing the disease, but for those affected, access to antibiotics, DAT, and supportive care remains essential, according to WHO.
The organization emphasizes the need for a swift response to outbreaks and recognizes the potential life-saving impact of timely interventions. The new guidelines underscore the importance of addressing this neglected disease and providing evidence-based clinical practices for effective diphtheria treatment.
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